Carriage and forwarding are concepts inherent in the field of transportation. However, there are important differences between them. Despite this, there are still many people who confuse the meanings of these words. Meanwhile, the use of the terms carrier and...

Many stores and businesses decide to start exporting their products outside the European Union. Such sales are an opportunity to obtain a preferential VAT rate of 0%. This gives the opportunity to achieve lower overall deductible costs in the annual settlement. For...

Letter of Indemnity, abbreviated as LOI, is a document that functions under Habsburg rules, which allows the carrier of goods to release them to the consignee without a proper and original bill of lading. This document is a letter of guarantee, at the same time...

In transportation and shipping, it is necessary to know and use many specialized designations. Among them are CN codes relating to the Combined Nomenclature. Their knowledge is extremely important for both import, export and the new VAT rate matrix. What are CN codes...

Less-than-container load (LCL) transport is the carriage of shipments of small dimensions, relatively light weight and varied shapes. It is organized when there are not enough goods from one company to fill a container or trailer space. Less-than-truckload freight...

A ship's agent is a profession that is associated with the complex handling of sea freight. These people act as representatives of shipowners, operating in their specified area or in a designated port. Familiar with local conditions, they work closely with ship...

Fuels are classified as dangerous goods, which makes the rules for their transportation strictly defined by law. We are talking about the ADR international convention on the carriage of dangerous goods by road, the RID regulations for the international carriage of...

Ocean freight is one of the most cost-effective types of cargo transportation, used most often for importing goods from China. We can divide it into two types: FCL (Full Container Load) and LCL (Less Container Load). The abbreviation FCL refers to full container load...

The AKC-U declaration is a document that determines the amount of excise tax. It is submitted when we make an intra-Community purchase of excise goods, including passenger cars. This document is a confirmation that all the necessary formalities with respect to the...

Working in freight forwarding involves many challenges that keep both forwarders and customers awake at night. Fortunately, both have the opportunity to buy insurance to protect themselves in case of problems. Among the most commonly selected insurances are: OCP, OCS...

What is customs duty? Customs duty is a fee imposed on goods imported or exported across a country's borders, as well as those in transit. The main purpose of such action is to feed the state budget and protect local entrepreneurs. Depending on specific factors, we...

What is an electronic consignment note E-CMR? An E-CMR consignment note is an electronic version of a document specifying the terms and conditions of a contract of carriage of goods. It is supposed to streamline the circulation of documents, as well as speed up...